Organizational Communication Era of Globalization

Question: Examine about the Report for Organizational Communication for Era of Globalization. Answer: Presentation: Correspondence in the authoritative structure is among the most significant factor that associations need to keep up so as to satisfy prerequisites of the operational procedures. In particular, in the present serious business condition, correspondence has ready to expand its centrality in an extraordinary manner. Successful correspondence inside the authoritative structure help to satisfy all the prerequisites of the operational procedures. 1: The report will concentrate on the Commonwealth bank of Australia correspondence process. The report will consider Commonwealth bank, as it is viewed as one of the head budgetary organization inside the nation. Truth be told, the association has its essence in New Zealand, United Kingdom and USA likewise (Commbank.com.au 2016). It features the way that the association has ready to make viable correspondence structure among the various degrees of workers so as to satisfy all the goals of the association. 2: Formal correspondence arrange are created by the organization, which is and acknowledged by all the representatives. Formal correspondence additionally has two sections in particular incorporated correspondence and decentralized correspondence (Curtis and Cachia 2015). In Commonwealth bank, decentralized correspondence methodology is used. Alternately, casual correspondence arrange will in general assistance in using compelling correspondence when formal correspondence structure separated. Formal correspondence channel gives data with respect to approaches, objectives and methods. In this way, Commonwealth banks pamphlet can be viewed as one of the prime for correspondence channel, as it gives workers just as customers clear thought with respect to destinations and objectives of the association. Formal correspondence channel additionally incorporates reports, memoranda, hierarchy of leadership, businesses manual (Cornelissen 2013). Then again, educational correspondence channel incorporates noon discussions, administrators strolling around and so forth. Federation bank incorporates two-way correspondence process so as to satisfy all the necessities of the operational procedure. Hierarchical correspondence stream can be upward, descending, and corner to corner as per their prerequisites (Braaf et al. 2013). Presently, Commonwealth bank is a very enormous money related foundation. Along these lines, it centers around using blend of correspondence stream with the goal that it can ready to satisfy all the prerequisites. Figure 1: Flow of correspondence (Source: Joseph, O'Brien and Correa 2016) The above graph features the way that Commonwealth bank has centers around the advancement of powerful correspondence structure so the data can stream in a suitable way. In any case, Commonwealth bank has given chances to all the representatives with the goal that they can share data adequately. 3: Commonwealth bank centers around the administration approaches, for example, assigning, preparing and defining objectives so as to make legitimate correspondence channel. If there should arise an occurrence of objective setting approach, association centers around the usage of brief and clear correspondence process with the goal that it can ready to make wanted effect on the viability of the association. If there should arise an occurrence of assigning approach, association centers around the use of much expand procedure of correspondence so every part inside the authoritative structure can ready to comprehend the noteworthiness (De Nobile 2016). If there should be an occurrence of preparing, association attempts to impart the job of every part adequately. Federation bank centers around the compelling use of objective setting approach so it can ready to satisfy all the destinations (Rajhans 2012). Province bank attempts to use is very much evolved structure in such a manner along these lines, that it can ready to impart objectives to the every part viably. Region bank centers around the use of bolt approach so as to share message adequately with the workers. Moreover, bolt approach for correspondence likewise causes association to talk with power and believability (Deshpande 2013). Hence, it has made significant positive effect on getting wanted outcomes from all degree of the representatives. 4: according to the article by Strongman (2013) hierarchical culture mirrors a framework dependent on the common qualities, suppositions and convictions that look at how individuals act inside the authoritative structure. All the common qualities have significant effect on the workers in regards to how they dress, perform and act inside the hierarchical structure. Then again, hierarchical atmosphere reflects shared mentalities and discernments about the association. Hierarchical culture depends dependent on human science and humanities though authoritative atmosphere dependent on brain research. Consequently, authoritative atmosphere doesn't manage standards and qualities. Indeed, hierarchical atmosphere is worried about the present authoritative climate (Strongman 2013). In any case, authoritative culture relies intensely upon the qualities and standards. Truth be told, workers can ready to realize what is unsatisfactory or satisfactory inside the authoritative structure. Hierarchical atmosphere relies vigorously upon the administrative remedy though authoritative culture is durable and doesn't relies a lot upon the administrative choices. Ward bank centers around five social components including trust, space, worth, standards and confidence for the successful usage of correspondence process. Trust and confidence has helped workers to impart individual data to different representatives adequately. Hence, it assists with making solid holding among every individual from the group. Then again, worth and standard causes Commonwealth bank to diminish any chance of wrongdoing during the correspondence procedure (Gonzalez and Zamora Ramrez 2016). At last, space causes workers to share their considerations and opining in a significantly more compelling manner. 5: Commonwealth bank is available all over Australia and New Zealand district. In this way, the association frequently faces challenges in keeping up viable correspondence with a few branches in a fitting way. So as to lessen this difficult association should talk with higher specialists of various branches. Besides, association should determine a stage, which must be utilized by the representatives at the hour of imparting representatives working in various branches (Tourish 2014). It will likewise need to lead diverse authority projects to upgrade the cohesiveness among the representatives working in various branches. 6: It has been distinguished that representatives working in the ground level position is confronting challenges in sharing their concern to the higher specialists. Along these lines, Commonwealth bank needs to concentrate on the inner correspondence strategy with the goal that it can ready to diminish the challenges in a fitting manner. Right off the bat, association should gather input from the center official level workers. Besides, it needs to distinguish the specific explanation behind the break in the correspondence procedure. In the third step, it needs to concentrate on the assessment of most ideal methodology with the goal that workers paying little mind to position can ready to share their musings and discernments successfully. In the last advance, it needs to concentrate on the viable usage technique of the chose system so it can ready to take out obstructions in the correspondence procedure. End: It tends to be referenced that association should use diverse part of correspondence approach so as to satisfy all the necessities of operational procedure. Moreover, correspondence relies intensely upon the hierarchical culture and atmosphere. Thusly, it is essential for the association to use these variables in a fitting way. References: Braaf, S., Manias, E., Finch, S., Riley, R. furthermore, Munro, F., 2013. Social insurance specialist co-op impression of hierarchical correspondence over the perioperative pathway: A poll survey.Journal of clinical nursing,22(1-2), pp.180-191. Commbank.com.au. 2016.Personal banking including accounts, Mastercards and home advances - CommBank. [online] Available at: https://www.commbank.com.au [Accessed 19 Sep. 2016]. Cornelissen, J., 2013. Coordinated Organizational Communication.Corporate Communications: An International Journal. Curtis, H. furthermore, Cachia, M., 2015. The effect of globalization on authoritative correspondence: an interpretative phenomenological investigation. De Nobile, J., 2016. Hierarchical correspondence and its associations with word related worry of elementary school staff in Western Australia.The Australian Educational Researcher,43(2), pp.185-201. Deshpande, P.P., 2013. Improving Organizational Communication in the Era of Globalisation.Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences Humanities,21(2). Gonzalez, J.M. also, Zamora Ramrez, C., 2016. Authoritative correspondence on environmental change: The impact of the institutional setting and the selection pattern.International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management,8(2), pp.286-316. Joseph, K., O'Brien, T. also, Correa, H., 2016. Duty procedures and authoritative correspondence in MNC flexibly chains: case studies.International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, pp.1-24. Paturas, J.L., Smith, S.R., Albanese, J. also, Waite, G., 2016. Between authoritative reaction to disasters.Journal of Business Continuity Emergency Planning,9(4), pp.346-358. Rajhans, K., 2012. Viable authoritative correspondence: A key to worker inspiration and performance.Interscience Management Review,2(2), pp.81-85. Strongman, L., 2013. Missing signs? Pressures between the unitary and pluralistic parts of discerning contentions and in authoritative communication.Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society,11(1), pp.31-42. Tourish, D., 2014. Authority, pretty much? A processual, correspondence point of view on the job of office in administration

Leadership Essay -- Leader essays research papers

Everybody has most likely played the game â€Å"Follow the Leader† back in grade school. It is where the pioneer remains before the line. The individual can say or do anything, and her supporters (remaining in an orderly fashion behind her) must rehash the very same thing the person in question does or says. Whoever was picked to be the pioneer more likely than not adored the experience since one had the opportunity to do whatever they if you don't mind while others followed wretchedly or cheerfully relying upon what the pioneer is stating or doing. Be that as it may, on the off chance that one was the adherent, one would stand by restlessly to be the following picked pioneer. Simultaneously, one should some way or another express their self in a manner that will make them stand apart from the remainder of the understudies. Regardless of whether the person in question is impeccably copying the pioneer or acting actually consciously of others. In any case, who figures out who o ught to be the pioneer? What sort of qualities should a pioneer had? What makes an incredible pioneer (Robbins, 2005)? Is there just a single kind administration? These inquiries will be replied as you keep on perusing on. Moreover, you will go over contextual analyses, genuine encounters, and my own perception on how pioneers in my work setting show administration conduct and how adherents react to it.      Leadership is the capacity to impact an individual or a gathering to accomplish numerous objectives (Robbins, 2005). To expand, authority is a perplexing procedure by which an individual impacts others to achieve a strategic, or destinations and coordinates the association such that makes it increasingly strong and reasonable by applying their administration traits, for example, values, morals, information, abilities, and conviction (Clark, 2000). Above all, not all pioneers happen to be directors, and not all administrators are pioneers (Robbins, 2005). Despite the fact that one is situated as a director or a manager (he has the ability to achieve certain assignments inside the association) it doesn't really mean he is a pioneer except if he makes individuals need to accomplish significant standards and destinations. He has the position to advise his subordinates to carry out the responsibility and they will do it just to finish it yet isn't keen on accomplishing more significant standards. Be that as it may, â€Å"leaders can rise up out of inside a gathering just as being officially delegated [manager]† (Robbins, 2005).      What is extraordinary authority? As indicated by the characteristic hypotheses, some character attributes may lead pe... ... be actually capable; one must know his activity and the obligations of his representatives. A pioneer ought to consistently search for better approaches to society your association higher than ever. Also, in the event that it doesn't work, rethink, make remedial move and proceed onward to the following test. In any case, don't search for somebody to fault. A decent pioneer isn't a tyrant chief. A decent pioneer sets genuine models (representatives ought to likewise observe and hear what they are relied upon to do) and fill in as a group. A decent pioneer consistently pay special mind to the prosperity of their kin and consistently keep them educated. (Clark, 1999). Administration resembles an ART! REFERENCE Ballentine, k., George, An., and Hamburg, D. (1999). Forestalling savage clash: the basic job of authority. Archieves of General Psychiatry; 56, 971-976. Clark, D. (2000). Enormous dog’s authority page-idea of initiative. Recovered on December 02, 2004 from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/pioneer/leadcon.html. In a nutshell; improve pioneers? (2004). Harvard Mental Health Letter, pNA. Pree, M.D (1992). Administration jazz. New York: A Dell Trade Paperback. Robbins, S. (2005). Fundamentals of hierarchical conduct. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Flag Burning Editorial :: essays research papers

Banner consuming can be and normally is an exceptionally questionable issue with individuals. Numerous individuals accept that the American banner represents something significant and shouldn’t be decimated thusly. Others accept that banner consuming is an explanation that one ought to have the option to make without significant repercussions. The two sides have legitimate feelings and the two sides express their case well. In spite of the fact that I am neither nor or against the consuming of the banner, I accept the privilege ought not be removed. I accept that if a gathering of individuals have legitimate reasons and an admirable sentiment to make by decimating a banner in such a manner, they ought to reserve the privilege to do it. The individuals who are against banner consuming appear to for the most part be the individuals who have served this nation through war and through other such ways. They are more established individuals who accept that this nation is very awesome if not practically great. They have a solid feeling of nationalism to this nation and would pass on for a big motivator for it: freedom and opportunity. They could contrast it with the consuming of crosses before a congregation or to the manner in which the Nazis transformed a lovely image into a racial and strict despise identification for killers. Lack of respect for convention is the thing that it comes down to. Since early on we are adapted to aimlessly regard that banner dangling from a post and to promise out loyalty to it without recognizing what it really is. It has been convention for in any event three ages. Individuals who have been detainees of war or individuals who battled for this nation have motivation to regard it to such an extent. The have battled long and hard for what we have and regard it. A portion of our age doesn’t acknowledge how fortunate we have it. An offspring of this age could discuss how great and unadulterated and brilliant this nation is and could give you how we have had our freedom and opportunity removed to the point that we truly don’t have any. Valid, we have had our opportunity constrained a piece, however that is just for the insurance of ourselves from each other and from the legislature. To the extent banner consuming goes, individuals of this age and different ages, reserve a privilege to show how they feel about what’s going on in this nation. They feel that this region is accomplishing something incorrectly and that is the means by which they decide to communicate their complaint. Banner Burning Editorial :: papers investigate papers Banner consuming can be and typically is an exceptionally disputable issue with individuals. Numerous individuals accept that the American banner represents something significant and shouldn’t be annihilated thusly. Others accept that banner consuming is an explanation that one ought to have the option to make without significant repercussions. The two sides have substantial suppositions and the two sides express their case well. In spite of the fact that I am neither nor or against the consuming of the banner, I accept the privilege ought not be removed. I accept that if a gathering of individuals have substantial reasons and an admirable sentiment to make by destroying a banner in such a manner, they ought to reserve the option to do it. The individuals who are against banner consuming appear to by and large be the individuals who have served this nation through war and through other such ways. They are more established individuals who accept that this nation is very great if not practically great. They have a solid feeling of enthusiasm to this nation and would kick the bucket for a big motivator for it: freedom and opportunity. They could contrast it with the consuming of crosses before a congregation or to the manner in which the Nazis transformed an extremely wonderful image into a racial and strict loathe identification for killers. Lack of regard for custom is the thing that it comes down to. Since early on we are adapted to indiscriminately regard that banner dangling from a shaft and to promise out faithfulness to it without recognizing what it genuinely is. It has been convention for in any event three ages. Individuals who have been detainees of war or individuals who battled for this nation have motivation to regard it to such an extent. The have battled long and hard for what we have and regard it. A portion of our age doesn’t acknowledge how fortunate we have it. An offspring of this age could discuss how great and unadulterated and awesome this nation is and could give you how we have had our freedom and opportunity removed to the point that we truly don’t have any. Valid, we have had our opportunity constrained a piece, yet that is just for the assurance of ourselves from each other and from the legislature. To the extent banner consuming goes, individuals of this age and different ages, reserve a privilege to show how they feel about what’s going on in this nation. They feel that this area is accomplishing something incorrectly and that is the manner by which they decide to communicate their complaint.

Describe How DNA Has Enhanced Law Enforcement Free Essays

DNA has risen as a noteworthy wrongdoing battling apparatus. DNA can possibly be the best wrongdoing fathoming device of the 21st century. DNA has been basic in comprehending a portion of the countries most genuine violations. We will compose a custom paper test on Portray How DNA Has Enhanced Law Enforcement or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now DNA examination is an extremely integral asset, in light of the fact that every individual DNA is exceptional as a rule. DNA proof gathered from a wrongdoing scene can involve or wipe out a suspect. It can likewise break down unidentified stays through examinations with DNA from someone’s relative. Beforehand, unsolvable cases, all the more frequently murders and rapes, can contain DNA proof that will help recognize the lawbreaker, despite the fact that the casualty can’t. At the point when proof from one wrongdoing scene is contrasted through the government DNA database and proof from another wrongdoing scene those violations can be connected to a similar individual locally, statewide, and broadly. Additionally, plants and creatures hold DNA, too. More current DNA investigation strategies can yield results from organic proof that’s imperceptible to an official. DNA examination techniques additionally can have the option to help in the distinguishing proof of missing people. DNA can be gotten from seriously debased examples, also. This has upgraded law implementation enormously. Without DNA proof, the vast majority could never be sentenced (DNAs Link to Corrections, n. . ). DNA will keep on progressing. Some foreseen propels are more extensive usage of the CODIS database, expanded mechanized lab techniques, utilization of automated investigation, versatile gadgets fit for DNA examination and remote connects to databases and other criminal equity data administrations (DNA Evidence,n. d. ). Reference DNA Evidence: What Law Enforcement Should Know. (n. d. ). Recovered November 12, 2012 From: http://www. ncjrs. gov/pdffiles/jr000249c. pdj. DNA’s Link to Corretcions. (n. d. ). Recovered November 12, 2012 from: http://www. crimescene-Investigations. net/NIJ-DNALinkCorretcion. pdf. The most effective method to refer to Describe How DNA Has Enhanced Law Enforcement, Essays

Multi-state E.coli Outbreak

An individual having looseness of the bowels with free stools more noteworthy than 3 solid discharges in a day with or without stomach cramps, who is an occupant of Michigan, having beginning of manifestations between the fifteenth of June and fifteenth of July and the  stool societies yielding E.coli 157:H7. (Lautenbach, E., 2008).  (Multistate Outbreak of E.coli O157:H7 Infection, 2008)It is a contamination prompting extreme stomach issues and grisly looseness of the bowels. Non wicked the runs can likewise happen, or it might likewise be that the patient will have no suggestive grumblings. The causative life form is E.coli O157:H7 which has a brooding time of 3 to 8 days with a middle of 3-4 days. (Lautenbach, E. 2008).  . In individuals in limits old enough gatherings I.e. older and youngsters under 5 years old, the contamination can likewise prompt entanglements like Hemolytic uremic syndrome.AdvantagesBy including a lab test as standards for case affirmation, the particul arity of the case definition increments henceforth the intensity of the test increments thus do the odds to distinguish the source.DisadvantagesInvestigation: by making lab examinations like stool societies and PFGE a measure, individuals who had the indications yet couldn't visit the specialist were not considered having the illness, subsequently the affectability of the definition decreased.By just thinking about inhabitants of Michigan, individuals who were guests and might have tainted were avoided from the count.Slight changes could be presented to the defense definition.Proposed Case DefinitionA individual having the runs with free stools more prominent than 3 solid discharges in a day with or without stomach cramps. The individual might be an inhabitant or may have visited Michigan seven days before having beginning of side effects between the fifteenth of June and fifteenth of July. An individual with clinically perfect picture who is epidemiologically connected with an affi rmed instance of E.coli disease. The stool societies yielding E.coli 157:H7.The lab testing prerequisite despite everything needs to stays, to guarantee particularity and intensity of the definition.Comparison between age groups:In the Michigan flare-up, it was noticed that more than twice the same number of females were contaminated as were guys. Individuals in age gatherings of 20-39 and 40-59 were accounted for most continuous cases in the Michigan flare-up. Food net then again detailed across the nation appropriation of cases similarly in guys and females, for example 162 to 178 separately. They likewise recorded that biggest fragmented of populace contaminated in 1997 was in the age gathering of 1-9 years.This design shows that in the Michigan flare-up, the source most presumably began with a type of cooperation among source and the grown-up females old enough between 20-59years. Inquiry about diseaseE.coli disease is for the most part an oral-fecal transmission pathway. Cons equently ineffectively chlorinated water, unpasteurized milk are normal liquid sources. Uncooked or inappropriately cooked hamburger another types of meat are another imaginable wellspring of transmission. Vegetables legitimately from ranches or stores, which are not appropriately washed, similar to lettuce, spinach hay and so on are another wellspring of contamination. (Escherichia coli O157:H7, 2005).  Exposure to livestock, or contact with tainted individuals are additionally hazard factors. In the United States contaminated kids in childcare focuses additionally a significant wellspring of spread. So questions relating to contact and treatment of the above expressed hazard variables ought to be asked.Source of the flare-up as indicated by the right now present proof is horse feed grows. Sullied hay seeds at first caused the flare-up and afterward the disease effortlessly spread through individual to individual exchange. The main theory is that tainted horse feed sprouts or see ds of hay grows were the underlying reason for the outbreak.People who devoured these nourishments in the region of Michigan got contaminated with E.coli O157:H7 and afterward the disease were additionally moved to others with whom they came into contact.REFFERENCES:Escherichia coli O157:H7 (2005). Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Recovered March 6, 2008, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/escherichiacoli_t.htmLautenbach, E. (2008).  Outbreak Investigation: Discussion Group. Pennsylvania division of wellbeing. Recovered March 6, 2008, from http://www.dsf.health.state.pa.us/wellbeing/lib/wellbeing/Outbreak_Investigation.ppt.Multistate Outbreak of E.coli O157:H7 Infection, (2008). Foodsafety.net Retrieved March 6, 2008, from http://www.foodsafetynet.info/NEHA/EpiSlides/Ecoli_122803.ppt. Â

Can Hypnosis Unlock Memories of Childhood Abuse

Can Hypnosis Unlock Memories of Childhood Abuse Relationships Violence and Abuse Print Using Hypnosis for Repressed Childhood Abuse Memories By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 14, 2019 GARO/PHANIE / Getty Images More in Relationships Violence and Abuse Spouses & Partners LGBTQ Many people who have emotional difficulties, including addictions, in adulthood wonder whether the cause was abuse in their childhood that they have forgotten or repressed. In particular, many wonder about the possibility of sexual abuse having occurred, but been blocked out. They may have memories that are incomplete but feel uncomfortable, particularly when recalled with an adult perspective. Not being able to clearly remember, particularly when there are hints that something may have happened, can be frustrating, and people can become quite distracted with speculating what may or may not have happened to them, and asking themselves the question, was I sexually abused?  Hypnosis can seem like a way to unlock these memories and settle the matter once and for all. Unfortunately, the reality is not that simple. Memory and Dissociation It is true that some people who were abused as children forget or dissociate from the experience,?? and dont recall the abuse in adulthood.   This is thought to be a protective processâ€"by forgetting the traumatic event, it is shut out of consciousness, allowing the child, and later the adult, to cope with current problems without being overwhelmed with unpleasant memories. For others, troubling memories may occur on an ongoing basis, and both disassociation and intrusive memories are features of post-traumatic stress disorder.?? Spontaneous Recall of Abuse It is also true that some people later recall memories of abuse.??  This recall can occur in the context of some kind of therapy or change in physical or emotional state, including hypnosis.  However, recall of abuse can happen without any particular therapeutic intervention. At times, people who spontaneously recover memories of abuse are able to verify what happened to them, which can lead to a sense of relief and self-understanding. At other times, the memories are not clear and are difficult to interpret. Seeking verifying evidence can also be impossible, fruitless, or can result in further difficulties with other family members. Memory and Hypnosis Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness in which memories can sometimes be more easily accessed.??  However, it is also a state in which the mind is open to fantasy and imagination.  It is virtually impossible to tell whether recall of an incident of childhood abuse is a memory of a real event, or a fantasy.   Many people, both clients and therapists, believe that memory works like a video camera, recording everything that happens to us.  They may also believe that forgotten or repressed memories can be unlocked by a technique such as hypnosis.  In fact, many hypnotherapists go further and believe that people can recall past lives under hypnosis.?? These beliefs are not supported by scientific fact.  The nature of memory as a process of reconstruction is now well established.   The mind is not like a video camera, it is more like a scrapbook, whereby memories are created by combining pieces of sensory experience with interpretation and fantasy. Under hypnosis, people are particularly open to suggestion.??  In fact, this is the basis of how hypnosis works.  A hypnotherapist who believes in the video recorder model of memory, particularly if they suspect their client has been abused, may inadvertently suggest memories of abuse to someone under hypnosis, that can seem like real memories to the client. This is not to say that anyone who recalls childhood abuse in adulthood is imagining it, whether or not the recall occurs under hypnosis.  Neither is it to say that hypnotherapists deliberately feed their clients false memories of abuse.   What it does say is that hypnosis is not a reliable method of determining whether or not you were abused in childhood if you do not remember now. How Hypnosis Can Help Survivors of Childhood Abuse Despite the unsuitability of hypnosis for personal detective work, hypnotherapy is very effective in helping people who were sexually abused to overcome their symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder.?? Hypnotherapy is particularly useful in helping survivors to restructure their actual memories of abuse to give them a greater sense of control, and in addressing painful feelings such as self-blame.  Hypnosis is most powerful when focused on creating positive changes to thoughts, feelings, and behaviors for the future.

Characterization through Death in the Harry Potter Series - Literature Essay Samples

Introduction Author of the Harry Potter series, J.K. Rowling is best known for her childrens books about a young boy who learns he is a wizard and goes on to have epic adventures. However, this book series is different from other childrens books in that it contains many dark themes and subjects, one of which is death. Harry Potter, the protagonist of the Harry Potter series, is an orphan who learns that he is a wizard and belongs to the world of magic, but must also face Voldemort, the man who murdered Harry’s parents and attempted (and failed) to murder him when he was a baby. After becoming the only person to survive the killing curse and an encounter with Voldemort, Harry became known as â€Å"the boy who lived†[1]. Harry’s life was founded in death, so it must shape his life in many ways. Harry is also plagued by a prophecy about him and Voldemort which states that â€Å"neither can live while the other survives†[2]. Harry knows that he must either kill Voldemort o r be killed by Voldemort, and he has made choices and defined himself with that in mind. Voldemort, the primary antagonist of the Harry Potter series, is a dark wizard who attempts to take over the wizarding world and kill the only person to ever thwart him: Harry Potter. Voldemort had â€Å"tried to kill the Potter’s son, Harry [but] he couldn’t†¦ [and] when he couldn’t kill Harry Potter, Voldemort’s power somehow broke.†[3] Voldemort had already come closer to death than anyone else, and he now is determined to find a way to become immortal, which is one of his driving goals. Voldemort’s goal is â€Å"to conquer death.†[4] Voldemort’s primary motive is to conquer death, and this affects his actions and thus his character. In the Harry Potter series by J.K. Rowling, the theme of death is employed to show various characteristics of Harry Potter and Voldemort, as well as to contrast the two characters. Body Morality and Mortality Death is inevitable, and eventually, every person encounters and must respond to it. However, even though death is a universal experience, ones response to it varies depending on ones personality. Some may react with fear, while others react with stoicism. Rowling acknowledges this common occurrence and uses it as a device to define key features of many of the characters in the Harry Potter series. One such character is Harry Potter, the orphan wizard, who must overcome his dark past to defeat the primary antagonist, Voldemort. Because of Harrys tragic back story, death becomes a major theme of his life and shapes his character. Throughout the Harry Potter series, Rowling uses the theme of death to characterize Harry as moral, human, and brave. A defining trait that Harry possesses is his morality, which Rowling reveals through Harrys refusal to kill the man partially responsible for the death of Harrys parents. For instance, in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Harry stops Sirius and Lupin from murdering Pettigrew by telling them â€Å"[he doesn’t] reckon [his] dad would’ve wanted them to become killers-just for [Pettigrew].†[5] Here, Harry recognizes that neither Sirius, Lupin, nor himself has the right to decide whether or not Pettigrew should die, even if Pettigrew framed Sirius for killing thirteen people. Harry also knows that Pettigrew betrayed his parents to Voldemort, which makes Pettigrew partially responsible for their deaths, yet Harry still demands that Pettigrew not be killed. Harrys ability to not let himself be ruled by his own prejudice against Pettigrew shows his morality and understanding of the ramifications of murdering another person. However, Harry also acknowledges that h e and his father may approve of Sirius and Lupin murdering someone other than Pettigrew, if it is necessary. Although this may seem to show a flaw in Harrys morality, it actually proves that his act of mercy on Pettigrew is based on principles instead of blind faith in humanity. However, standing by his morals also displays Harrys bravery, which is a characteristic that Rowling elaborates on in various scenes. Rowling uses the theme of death to characterize Harry as courageous, through the manner in which he faces his own death. In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Harry is in a duel with Voldemort, and at one point takes shelter behind a tombstone. He has the choice of staying behind the tombstone and hiding from Voldemort, or standing up and fighting even if it seems hopeless. Harry decides that he [is] going to die trying to defend himself, even if no defense [is] possible.†[6] Harry fights even though it means dying, which proves that Harrys willingness to face Voldemort does not stem from an arrogant notion that he could beat Voldemort. Instead, this shows how Harry overcomes his fears and faces the adversity in his life. It is important that Rowling has Harry respond courageously to a threat when the threat is made on his own life, because in any scenario less than the possibility of his own death, Harrys courage would not seem as genuine. Harry stands up and fights even whe n he believes that he will die, which shows the highest level of courage possible. However, Rowling contrasts Harrys courage, as shown by his own death, by showing his reactions to the deaths of others. Rowling uses the deaths of people that Harry loves to humanize him, so as not to make Harry an unattainable or god-like hero. For instance, when Snape kills Dumbledore, Harrys hero and mentor, Harry panics, thinking of how â€Å"he could reverse what had happened if he had [Snape and Dumbledore] both together† and that â€Å"Dumbledore could not have died.†[7] Harrys refusal to believe that Dumbledore died serves to show his compassionate side and makes him appear more human, because denial is a natural reaction to a personal disaster. It is also important that Rowling uses the death of a loved one as Harrys personal disaster because his reaction may be false in any other scenario, but death strips away any pretense or false emotion. Harry did not have any delay of thought in which he could prepare a reaction to Dumbledores death. His response is portrayed as genuine because of the rapidity with which Rowling transfers from Dumbledores death to Harrys reaction. Harry is also humanized through his reaction to his godfather Siriuss death. After Bellatrix kills Sirius in front of Harry, Harry is full of so much blind rage, he says that [hell] kill her.[8] In this moment, Harry is willing to kill, but it is out of the love he felt for Sirius and the hatred he felt toward Bellatrix for killing Sirius. This further shows how he is not the perfect hero and humanizes him. It is important that Rowling used Sirius death as a catalyst for Harrys rage because had his character been willing to kill for anything less than the death of a loved one, his morality would have been put into question. However, Rowling had already presented the idea that Harry believes that killing is acceptable in extreme situations, and Harrys godfather was just murdered by Bellatrix; therefore, Harrys moral status is not tarnished from this fury that he feels towards Bellatrix. Harrys reaction to Sirius death humanizes him further when he calms down and begins to blame himself for S irius death. Harry believes that â€Å"it was his fault Sirius had died; it was all his fault†[9]. This self-blame that Harry feels for Sirius death serves to further humanize him, because it provides a moment of relief for Harry to release his emotions. It is important that this blame Harry feels is an effect of a loved ones death because this is a common feeling for many people. Rowling acknowledges this common experience and uses it to appeal to a large audience by garnering their sympathy for Harry. This effect is also more powerful on a smaller, more concentrated audience of people who have had similar experiences as Harry and therefore become more empathetic towards him and his story. Rowling helps the audience understand Harrys situation, turning Harry into a more relatable and human character. Death Corrupts The ways in which a character approaches death can also reveal his or her negative attributes. Feelings of hatred, malice, and glee can result from encounters with death, and the expression of these feelings through specific characters allows the reader to gain insight into that characters personality. Rowling utilizes this method of characterization to give description to Voldemort, the primary antagonist of the series whose ultimate goal is to conquer death. Throughout the series, Rowling uses the theme of death to characterize the cruel, egotistical, and fearful nature of Voldemort. A key feature to Voldemorts character is how he is equally ruthless to both allies and enemies in order to take over the world, which Rowling includes to prove his cruelty. While waiting for his power to be restored, Voldemort casually mentions to Harry that killing Mudbloods doesnt matter to [him] anymore.[10] In the Harry Potter universe, Mudblood is a derogatory term for a witch or wizard who does not have magical parents, also known as a muggle-born. For the majority of his teen and young adult life, Voldemort devotes himself to ridding the world of what he considers to be people, namely mudbloods, unworthy of living in a world that he rules. However, he is able to switch his obsession from mudbloods to Harry, because he sees Harry as the biggest obstacle in his quest for power. This cold move to kill a twelve year old boy shows his unrelenting cruelty to anyone who stands in his path. Also, the nonchalant manner in which Voldemort mentions genocide, as if it were a hobby, is one of the first glimpses the reader sees of Voldemort’s sociopathic nature. Until now it is never known that Voldemort kills simply for the sake of killing. Rowling also reveals Voldemorts cruel nature by through her description of Voldemorts followers who fail him in a task. For instance, in a fit of rage upon learning that Harry had destroyed another one of his Horcruxes, which are pieces of Voldemorts soul placed in objects to keep him alive, â€Å"again and again [Voldemort’s] wand fell, and those who were left were slain, all of them, for bringing him this news.†[11] Voldemort slaughters the people around him without bias, despite the fact that many of them devote their lives to serving him. This shows how Voldemort puts no value in the lives of others, even when these people are devoted completely to serving him. This act is especially cruel because the people that Voldemort murdered were not completely to blame for Harry destroying Voldemorts Horcrux. Volde mort hides the Horcrux inside of Gringotts, the wizarding bank, knowing full well that it is possible to break into a Gringotts vault as he himself broke into a vault six years earlier. This rage was not logical or premeditated and reveals how Voldemorts instinct is to lash out at others around him, not considering whether they are loyal to him or his enemies. Rowling includes this scene in the series because, although it does not advance the plot, it characterizes the violent nature of Voldemort. Rowling also characterizes Voldemort as egotistical by describing one of Voldemorts primary ambitions as cheating death. When Voldemort begins his conquest of the wizarding world, he names his followers â€Å"Death Eaters.†[12] Rowling chooses to name Voldemorts followers Death Eaters because this title is symbolic for Voldemort and his quest for power and immortality. This name suggests not only that Voldemort wants to conquer death and become immortal, but also that he increases his strength by killing others. This shows how megalomaniacal Voldemort is because all that matters to him is staying alive by any means necessary. Voldemorts fervor for immortality leads to him mercilessly murdering anyone who stands in his way. Rowling accentuates his obsession with immortality because it sharply contrasts the value that Voldemort holds his own life at versus the lives of others. Rowling also uses the theme of death to portray Voldemort as cowardly and controlled by his fears. While dueling Dumbledore, Voldemort declares that â€Å"there is nothing worse than death.†[13] Although it is natural to fear death, it is another thing entirely to insist that death is the worst thing in the world. Voldemorts belief in this assertion reveals the true intentions behind his quest for immortality. Although this ambition is partially driven by his need to dominate others, the major driving force behind Voldemorts determination to live forever is his fear of death. This humanizes Voldemort to the reader, but Rowling ensures that Voldemort is not pitied for his fear through Rowlings description of the extreme measures to which Voldemort traveled to avoid and conquer death. Voldemort becomes obsessed with avoiding death and as a teenager researches possible ways to defeat death. He soon learns about Horcruxes, and determines that he would be prepared to murder many ti mes, rip his soul repeatedly, so as to store it in many, separately concealed Horcruxes.†[14] This is significant because it shows the lengths to which Voldemort goes to keep himself alive. He willingly splits his soul into seven pieces, and unintentionally made an eighth piece, just to make it more difficult for him to die. These acts violate the laws of nature, and as a result, Voldemort lost much of his humanity, although he did not have much to start with, by splitting his soul into different pieces. Voldemort is willing to sacrifice all of this to hide from his fears. Also, a part of the process of creating a Horcrux is to murder someone. This further exemplifies the lengths to which Voldemort goes to in order to avoid death. Harry Versus Voldemort Throughout the Harry Potter series, Rowling uses character interactions with death to characterize Harry and Voldemort separately. Harry is characterized as virtuous and human, while Voldemort is characterized as cruel and alien. However, it is also possible to gain insight into a character by analyzing how the characters react differently in similar situations. Rowling employs character contrasting to describe Harry and Voldemort as good and evil, respectively. The first area in which Rowling contrasts Harry and Voldemort is how each character approaches his own death. After realizing that the only way that his friends can survive is to sacrifice himself, Harry faces Voldemort and does not defend himself, allowing Voldemort to kill him. Although Harry fears death, he goes to it willingly if it means that doing so will save the people he loves, which shows his bravery and selflessness. However, Voldemort has never loved anything enough to sacrifice himself for it. In fact, the only person that Voldemort loves is himself, which causes him to have the reverse reaction to Harry when it comes to his own death. Whereas Harry would lay down his life to save others, Voldemort does the opposite by killing others to preserve his own life. Rowling uses both Harry and Voldemorts fates to further assert that Harrys reaction to his own death is virtuous while Voldemorts reaction is selfish. Harry inadvertently destroys another piece of Voldemorts soul an d is able to come back to life and defeat Voldemort. Voldemorts obsession with avoiding his own death ultimately leads to his own spell rebounding and killing him, which occurs years before he would have died had he just led a normal life and not made any Horcruxes. Harry and Voldemort are both contrasted in their fears of death. Harry does fear death, but it is the deaths of his friends and loved ones that he fears, whereas Voldemort only fears for his own death. Because both characters fear death, Harry and Voldemort initially appear to have a similar characteristic. However, it is proven through the book series that it is how a person reacts to their fears that matters. Harry reacts to his fear of his friends dying by sacrificing himself, which shows his morality. However, Voldemort allows his fear of his own death to rule his life, and he reacts to it by killing others, both to create the Horcruxes which Voldemort believes would make him invincible and to eliminate any adversaries or allies who get in his way. This shows Voldemorts selfishness and weakness of will, as he cannot control his fear. The sharpness of the contrast between Harrys willingness to die and Voldemorts determination to become immortal strengthens the characterization of each person more than if they were both characterized separately. Rowling also characterizes Harry and Voldemort differently by showing how Harry accepts that there are fates worse than death and Voldemort cannot conceive this idea. Rowling uses Harrys ability to understand the pain of others as a device to characterize him as compassionate. Throughout his life, Harry sees the pain and suffering of other people, and from these experiences, learns that death is not the worst thing to experience. Harry sees how his friend Nevilles parents who were once brilliant Aurors, a part of the wizarding law enforcement, were tortured to the point of insanity by four of Voldemorts followers and are living permanently in St. Mungos Hospital, where they are visited by Neville who they hardly recognize. This insight into Nevilles life matures Harry as he sees that although Nevilles parents are not dead like Harrys, Neville is affected by his parents mental instability just as much as Harry is affected by his parents deaths. Harry realizes that every time Neville s ees his parents he is reminded of their torture, whereas Harry has little to no memory of his parents. Rowling contrasts this compassionate characterization of Harry by using Voldemorts belief that death is the worst fate to characterize him as ignorant. In Voldemorts many attempts to preserve his life, he often experiences situations that could be considered worse than death. Voldemort forced a lonely life on himself by turning any person that could be his friend into a follower, who he may kill on a whim, as well as killing all of his remaining family members. Voldemort also purposefully disfigured himself, both physically and spiritually, to stay alive. He lived on the body of Quirrell, the professor of Defense Against the Dark Arts during Harrys first year at Hogwarts, like a parasite in an attempt to recover the sorcerers stone, which grants immortality. When Quirrells body was destroyed, Voldemort possessed the bodies of different animals, mainly snakes, until he created a cru de body to inhabit. He lived in a state of extreme discomfort, if not pain, for extended periods of time just in the hope of returning to a normal body, something many people would consider against the laws of nature and not worth the pain. Voldemort also mentally disfigures himself when he purposefully split his soul into seven pieces as backups in case his body is destroyed. Because the use of Horcruxes is so rare, little was known about their psychological effects when Voldemort first asked Professor Slughorn about them, and yet Voldemort made the Horcruxes anyways. This is a sign that Voldemort was willing to sacrifice his mental stability to stay alive, which contrasts Harrys understanding of the tragedy of Nevilles parents. Whereas Harry accepted that their insanity is worse than death, Voldemort would embrace insanity to avoid death. In the end, Harry understands and respects the finality of death, whereas Voldemort repeatedly breaches this natural order through the creation of Horcruxes, the objects that hold pieces of a soul, and Inferi, corpses brought back to life to do the bidding of a dark wizard. To show this, Rowling has Harry take the Resurrection Stone, which is a stone that allows its user to see and talk to people they know who have died, and is able to use it successfully, where he finds comfort in the words of his parents and friends while not believing that they can be brought back. Many people had used the Stone before him but went insane because they believed that the people could be brought back from the dead. Harry accepted that this is not possible and uses the Stone for a better purpose, showing his maturity of mind. Rowling further showed this acceptance by using the scene above when Harry was on the way to sacrificing himself to save his friends. Rowling then contrasts this with Voldemorts actions, bringing dead bodies back to life and splitting his soul in pieces, to characterize Voldemort as conceited, where the only person that matters is himself. Conclusion Rowling uses the theme of death to reveal multiple characteristics about Harry and Voldemort as well as show the differences between the two characters. Characteristics such as courage, cowardice, wisdom, and ignorance are shown through multiple uses of the theme of death. Rowling used not only Harry and Voldemorts deaths to characterize each person, but also their reactions to the deaths of others and each characters beliefs about death as a part of life. Rowlings use of these various characteristics and methods of characterization allows for each characteristic to be defined in a unique way. Although the question of to what extent Rowling uses the theme of death to characterize Harry and Voldemort has been answered, new questions have arisen from this analysis: What other themes has Rowling used to characterize different characters, is characterization the primary purpose of the repetition of death in the Harry Potter series, and what other characters has Rowling characterized usin g the theme of death?